by exploited » Wed Aug 06, 2014 1:26 pm
Utilitarianism becomes useful when you are choosing between two bad decisions, and one of those decisions will prevent the other from occurring. You quantify the benefits versus costs, and compare.
Torture for all eternity: extreme pain that never ends, payoff is to avoid a hangnail.
Hangnail: little pain that ends, benefit is no eternal torture.
Obviously the more utilitarian choice is for everyone to get a hangnail, because the costs are minor and distributed, whereas the torture's cost is major and concentrated. Further, choosing eternal torture doesn't end hangnails, all it does is ensure that not everyone will get one. So the torture is permanent and never-ending, whereas choosing the hangnail will result in temporary consequences that can be fixed.
What a stupid example.