What raising the minimum wage will do is kill jobs, and make the minimum wage jobs more labor-intensive, meaning they won't necessarily be "low-skill" jobs. A call center that starts each of its customer service representatives at minimum wage is going to have higher labor costs. They'll need to cut back on personnel, and they'll only hire people with customer service experience, as opposed to being more willing to take a High Schooler in and teach them a few things. People with no skills will have no job and this will disproportionately hurt the young.
Short of pure dictatorial power, you simply cannot force businesses to increase their labor costs without them reacting in some way (i.e. scaling back). For examples of this, see how businesses almost always pass along the cost of tax increases onto customers.
Personally, the minimum wage is a horrible idea. It artificially increases the cost of doing business. Why not just let companies set their own wages? If people can't live off of that wage, then they don't have to work there, and when no one accepts their job offers, then the company could raise its wage offers. This is one thing that I think the free market could clearly take care of. There are enough businesses in this country to compete with, if Flower Shop A isn't offering good wages but Sandwich Shop B is, people will look for other jobs and quit when they find a better one.
Also, for the young, 16-18 year olds, having a job would be great for their self-esteem and introduce them to personal financing early, and low-wage, low-skill jobs would be perfect for them.